How do eye trackers work?

An eye tracker emits infrared light which is reflected by the eyes of the user. The weak infrared light has the advantage that it is not perceived by the eye and therefore does not disturb the user. In addition, it enables a high degree of independence from ambient light and therefore functions even in absolute darkness. Special cameras record the position of the infrared reflection points and the pupils with 90 Hz, and algorithms calculate the coordinates of the current point of view locally on the eye tracker. For this purpose, a one-time calibration to the user lasting about 10 seconds is necessary during setup.